For the Microsoft account, as well as for local users, a separate profile is created in the C:\Users directory (%UserProfile%). Its advantage is that you can use it on any computer, and the basic user settings with a Microsoft account will be the same on any Windows 10 computer.
In Windows 10, you can use three types of accounts to sign in to the device: You can use the same trick when you need to use the local user credential to access the shared folder over the network (using SMB protocol). This applies versions from Windows Vista to Windows 10/Windows Server 2016. This way you can logon to a local account on a domain-joined computer on all Windows versions. You can also type the computer name followed by a backslash and the username, and it will do the same thing. It will use the local account with that username. The domain below will disappear, and switch to your local computer name without typing it Windows uses the dot as the alias symbol for the local computer: Login Windows with Local Account without Typing Computer Name
